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Quercus ilex
''Quercus ilex'', the evergreen oak,〔Flora of the Maltese Islands, Hans Christian Weber, Bernd Kendzior, 2006, Margraf Publishers p. 184〕 holm oak, or holly oak is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It takes its name from holm, an ancient name for holly.〔Holm Oak, 2002〕 It is a member of the white oak section of the genus, with acorns that mature in a single summer. It was first introduced to the United Kingdom in the 16th century. The first trees to be planted from acorns into England are still to be found growing within the stately grounds of Mamhead Park, Devon. They are uncommonly fine examples; several of these trees are in circumference at from the ground, and one of them measures in circumference. One specimen in Milo, in Sicily, is reputed to be 700 years old〔See (the article about the tree )〕 while a small population on the slopes of northern village of Wardija in Malta are said to be between 500 and 1,000 years old. Prior to the Carthaginian period was prevalent on the islands.〔Flora of the Maltese Islands, Hans Christian Weber, Bernd Kendzior, 2006, Margraf Publishers p. 184〕
==Description==
''Quercus ilex'' is a medium-sized tree tall with finely square-fissured blackish bark and leathery evergreen leaves. The old leaves fall 1–2 years after new leaves emerge. The leaves are dark green above and pale whitish-grey with dense short hairs below. The leaf shape is variable (depending on age and growing conditions),〔Flora of the Maltese Islands, Hans Christian Weber, Bernd Kendzior, 2006, Margraf Publishers p. 184〕 the adult leaves are entire, long and broad, while those on the lower branches of young trees are often larger (to long), and are toothed or somewhat spiny – possibly as protection from grazing animals. In this, the foliage resembles that of the common European Holly ''Ilex aquifolium'', and this resemblance has led to its common and botanic names. The name ''ラテン語:ilex'' is originally the classical Latin name for the Holm Oak, but was later also used as a botanical genus name for the hollies. The flowers are catkins, produced in the spring; the fruit is an acorn, which matures in about six months.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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